Week 7: Addendum

Second Life is a fantastic world. It was created with the intention of offering a sandbox of the imagination for users to create a false world sharing only a few things with reality -- But it has been used for much more. The users see life in the world as much more than a place to build perfect worlds free of life's toils. To them, Second Life is a second life. It's more than a simulation of life; It's life itself. As a researcher, the things the inhabitants have worked to create and continue to progress is something to be admired. The experience these craftsmen have generated is what it means to be human. From the ground up, intelligent worlds have been made here not with the intention of simply observing, but interacting and coming closer to one another. Of course, as with reality, not all users are as cuddly. Some stand to gain something from others' losses. But, this only further strengthens my opinion of the world in comparison to real life.

(Image credit: Linden Labs)

In Second Life, as in reality, each person has a role to play in the balance. Having observed the world from the inside, it's my opinion that this is far more than a role-playing game. It is, in fact, a living society detached from all others, though sharing many of their ideologies. This virtual world has much to teach us of the actual one.

From my experiences in this world, I've learned a great deal about what is required to become immersed in a virtual environment and have it naturally connect with the player. Creators of video games and simulations strive for that obfuscation of the digital within the real. Second Life refuses to embrace any policy of hiding its false reality inside a real-esque wrapper, such as intense graphics or relatable storylines. Instead, it encourages players to simply be themselves as they would be if they were allowed to be so in reality. While this may not be possible in all games, it's a good lesson to keep in mind about how modularity, combined with user-generated experiences, can create dynamic gameplay all on its own.

Works Cited

Craig, Kathleen (February 8, 2006). Making a Living in Second Life. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/gaming/virtualworlds/news/2006/02/70153.

Generation Pulse: Stereotyping: Cliques. (March 29, 2010). Retrieved from http://genpulse.bc.edu/en/content/explore/pages/peer-relationships/stereotyping-cliques.

"The Second Life Economy in Q3 2011." Second Life Community. Linden Research, Inc, 14 Oct 2011. Web. 12 Feb. 2012. Retrieved from http://community.secondlife.com/t5/Featured-News/The-Second-Life-Economy-in-Q3-2011/ba-p/1166705.

"Second Life: Facts for the Visitor." Wired Magazine, Issue 14.10. Conde Nast Digital, 14 Oct 2006. Web. 19 Feb. 2012.

Second Life Wiki: Making money. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://wiki.secondlife.com/wiki/Making_money.

Tutu, Desmond. No Future Without Forgiveness. New York: Random House, 2000. Print.

Week 6: Unveiling the Study

As the end of this project draws closer, the time has come to spring the news to the subjects of the study. How will the Second Life players respond when told they have been the target of a research project? The first meaningful connection(s) I made with someone in the game was with a virtual couple. They had been playing the game for five years and described their relationship to me as being a romantic one. I learned a lot from these two individuals. They were incredibly open to questions, friendly toward "newbies" like myself, and actively participative in conversation to the point that I didn't have to directly ask questions to gain understanding of the world.

The news about the project seems well-received

When I explained that I was there to conduct a study, the two of them were far from upset. They actually seemed excited to have been beneficial to my academic pursuits. In the screenshot above, the two of them were met where our relationship had started, a more than fitting location for the study to be concluded. They happily welcomed the news and asked what the details of my notes were. "So are you like copying pasting everything we say into a word document?" one of them asked. "Not necessarily," I explained, "I'm more interested in interactions than specific dialogs." After a little more explanation, the conversation continued normally into how their days in-game had gone and what they thought of the quality of the world between when they started playing five years ago and now. I took this as meaning the news was well-received and my work was considered non-instrusive.

Behaviors in Second Life are closely related to real-world ones. Couples, like this one, travel from place to place interacting with the world together. Individuals create their own identities out of the things they say, the experiences they have, and the properties they possess. The inhabitants pride themselves on the effects they have upon those around them and the environment in general. They establish a sense of belonging, a scope of importance extending far beyond themselves. These philosophies are akin to humanistic ones observable in reality. I conclude that this world has been molded by those living in it to be as similar to the real one as possible, spare some of the technical differences. In example, anxiety is possible in this medium, therefore it exists. However, war is not possible, therefore it does not. The differences between Second Life and real life are forced by the world's maintainers, not it's people.

Week 5: The World(s)

Players in Second Life are as individualistic as people in reality. The interests of one person can be dramatically different compared to another. However, it's the commonalities between groups of people that is of specific interest here. In life, we strive for the acceptance of others and the forming of relationships with like-minded individuals. We learn to come together for these purposes at an early age, creating what's referred to as cliques in school. Generation Pulse explains that this is related to our necessity for homophily, "the tendency to associate with similar others" (Generation Pulse, 2010). This is believed to be so ingrained in our psychology that Africans have a word to describe it: Ubuntu. It's described in the book No Future Without Forgiveness as being "open and available to others, [and] affirming of others..." (Tuto). Since players of Second Life are still human, it makes sense that Ubuntu would be exhibited in them as well.

There are many regions in Second Life, including this Sci-Fi one

In previous reports, I've explained that the in-game world is broken into regions, which are collections of facilities that cater to similar interests. There as many different types of regions, ranging from specific topics such as vampires to much broader scopes like entire countries. The most popular areas seem to be simple dance clubs, with one user playing the role of DJ and the rest dancing or socializing to the atmosphere. These are almost identical to real club scenes in the types of mannerisms displayed. The main floor is dominated by players dancing, with the surrounding area of the building specked with observers and socializers talking amongst themselves. During my visit to one club, I noticed a few people approach those of the opposite sex and use typical pick-up lines or ice-breaking techniques, a common occurence in real social scenes as well. This leads me to believe the social structure of Second Life and the rules by which people form relationships are very similar to everyday-life society.

Dance clubs in Second Life are like their reality counterparts

My conclusion is that, like the real world, people create areas to attract those of similar persuasions and interests. When people come together under these terms, social interaction is bound to happen. The rules of engagement and social rituals that produce lasting relationships after the initial interactions are also highly influenced by, if not completely reproduced from, reality.

Week 4: Economy

Second Life has one of the most interesting online economies I've ever seen. It has many facets in common with real-world free market economies. Virtual goods are created, sold, and bought by the users with Linden dollars, the unit of currency in the game. Linden dollars can be bought from the game maintainer Linden Labs, and even sold back to Linden for the real money equivalent, at a dynamic exchange rate that is affected by how much of the currency exists in the game. As Wired.com reports, there are few to no tariffs placed on these monetary transactions, resulting in great opportunities to make an actual living off of virtual marketing. "Second Life is an entrepreneur’s dream: no taxes, minimal regulation, no marginal cost of production, subsidies to encourage innovation" (Wired, 2006). This makes the virtual currency and economy as a whole transitive with real-world instances. In fact, many people have been able to make enough money from selling their Linden dollars back for real money to support themselves in reality. One woman in Michigan was able to make more money designing in-game clothes than she was making in the real world as a furniture dispatcher, ultimately allowing her to quit her real job (Craig, 2006).

At the end of Q3 2011, $29.3 mil were in use

So, we have seen that the virtual and actual economies may work together, but are there any statistics to show that they share similar metrics of operation? As a matter of fact, there are multiple studies concerned with real economics that use the Second Life alternative as an accurate laboratory substitute. Linden Labs themselves publish many different statistics about monetary transfers, both virtual and actual. Taking a look at the graph above, which was taken from the SL Q3 2011 economy report, we can see that $29.3 million USD were represented in-game by Linden dollars at the end of last year. This is just one statistic available from the company's evaluations.

The actual distribution of goods in Second Life is similar to realistic distribution as well. Buildings with showroom floors or kiosks lining the walls show off their wares. A user looking to purchase the item on sale simply interacts with the item's showcase. The price is then deducted from their in-game wallet and the item is added to their inventory. Goods can also be purchased from the Marketplace website, allowing users to find what they're looking for without scouring the virtual world in search of the store that sells the item.

The SL Marketplace website is a convenient substitute to in-world shops

Not only is the Second Life economy realistic, the ability to convert the in-game currency to actual dollars has lead to many people relying more on virtual supply-and-demand to make a living than real-world economics. To understand the complexities of this robust digital business model would be to also understand the workings of brick-and-mortar distributors of physical goods or services.

Week 3: The People

There are a few different kinds of people that play Second Life. The diversity isn't as great as that of people in reality, but every once in a while someone does appear that stands out from the in-game crowd. I have not been so fortunate as to find all that many people willing to talk to me or even acknowledge my existence. The ones I did were usually strange.

In week 1, I did not find anyone willing to engage me. Perhaps they were all away from their keyboards, or they were just as snobby as I summized in previous posts. As it turned out, I could never find any zones with an abundance of people in them at once. The most populated zone I encountered during that week had 25 people in it at the time of my starting of the game. When I entered the zone, the people were spread out, only two or three relatively close to eachother. When I approached any of them, the reception was always the same cold silence.

Second Life displays which zones contain the most players

Week 2 was a slightly different story, as detailed in my week 2 report. I found two people that did in fact want to talk to me. Unfortunately, they were a peculiar type that borderlined unsettling to me. The first was the owner of the zone I was in. His motives for speaking to me were immediately evident as sexual advancements. I was curious if the person behind the player was as perverted as the character representing him, though I did not ask him. After all, many players of role-playing games or otherwise personifiable web communities often contain people that treat their avatars as entirely separate from their real selves, as if living out fantasies they could not participate in without these means. The second person was similarly distanced from reality. A Spanish-speaking female with a bunny avatar briefly spoke to me in broken English before I ended the conversation. After I ended the conversation, she began following me around the zone as I continued my research. She didn't stop stalking me until I exited the area.

Week 3: my first friends!

Week 3 showed a great change of pace. In a New York zone I had noted as being one of the more active areas in the past week, I found a woman walking in the park, a man riding on a jet ski in the neighboring waterway, two men walking around the zone, and two more men riding a golf cart around the city. All of them briefly spoke to me, but were not interested in staying still long enough for me to get to know them. Finally, I found two people (a man and woman, later found to be virtual boyfriend and girlfriend) that were very friendly and open to talking to me. In fact, I was able to speak with them for an hour and a half before they decided to go to bed (in reality), but not before adding me to their friend lists. In that time, I discovered that they were veteran players by five years and shop owners with many custom-made items for sale. Hopefully I will be able to interact with them further in the future. I believe they have much to share with me as far as insight into this culture goes.

These two people were quick to ask me if I was new to the game, presumably because of my default avatar. I don't feel that they treated me as a lesser player, though they did offer me a few snippets of advice, such as how typing "afk" in chat will cause your character to fall asleep or holding down the CTRL key while sending a message will broadcast it to all players in the zone. I saw this as being very friendly and good-willed toward new players. This was a great change from the cold reception I had been receiving from others. However, I may never know if those cold receptions were intentional or simply the result of players being away from their desks.

Week 2: Behaviors

In my second week of Second Life, I encountered many different kinds of people. Some of them actually interacted with me, while others snobbily ignored me in favor of their friends. My first memorable run-in with a fellow player was interesting, to say the least. After entering a region, I began trying to walk up and talk to others. Many of them were either away from their keyboards or purposefully shunning me for being somewhat of an outsider to them, as indicated by their unresponsiveness. Finally, I found someone that would talk to me. His title and ownership of most of the objects in the region made it clear that he was the owner of the little chunk of virtual world I was in. He didn't have much to say about anything in particular, but soon enough made his intentions known that he was homosexual (perhaps not so much him as the in-game version of him? This was unclear) and was interested in "getting to know me better." I was not sure how to respond to this advancement besides "no thanks."

There is a person in a bunny costume stalking me...

The next day, I entered a different region. I was quickly approached by a random person in a bunny costume, who began a voice chat with me. It was made clear that this person was a girl that spoke very little English and fluent Spanish. After a minute of trying to talk to her, I politely told her I had to go and ended the call. As I walked into one of the nearby buildings, I happened to turn around and see the same person closely following me. I walked some more, and each time she followed. I caught a picture of my character sitting near a pool, with the bunny girl inside the castle structure behind, looking out towards me. I continued my study with her following me for the duration.

Couples dancing

In this same region, I found a ballroom setting which had a few couples dancing together. I stopped and watched for a few minutes, waiting to see what type of discussions they would have with eachother. To my dissatisfaction, none of them spoke publicly or possibly at all. When I approached a couple and tried to engage them, neither spoke to me. This seemed to be a trend. The next day, I entered a new region and instantly found something I had been looking for. There was a group of at least six people conversing with both text and public voice chat. I sat on the sidelines for a few minutes, just listening in on the conversations. There wasn't much substance to what they were saying, though the value of the connection was immense to me. I attempted to engage them. Since most of them were women, by their voices at least twenty years old, they began chattering about how attractive I was. I couldn't understand this since my avatar was simply one of the generic default ones available to everyone. Later, two other men walked by, to which the women called their looks out as well.

Later, I visited a new zone modeled after New York City. The streets were lined with shops, each one selling a different type of good. They all had something in common, though. They were all gender-specific goods, such as revealing clothes for women and overzealous jewelry for men. This was not something unique to this zone. Most of the shops I had passed in other zones appeared to cater to people that wanted to be flashy and stand out. Beyond Victoria Secret-esque clothing for women and gaudy bling, there were also shops for hairstyles, food (there isn't a point to it since in-game characters don't get hungry), and even vehicles. I found a motorcycle on sale for 399 Linden dollars. According to The LindeX, 399 Linden dollars is equivalent to $1.61 USD at the current exchange rate.

Hairstyles and facial art on sale

These experiences conclude that people in Second Life play the game in two different modes. The first and seemingly most common mode is social detachment, where the person only ever interacts with the friends they have already established. The second mode is social exploration, where the person acts flirty or otherwise enticing to others. This is similar to real-world social behaviors in the case of introversion versus extroversion. However, usually these behaviors are established and held to. I ponder if the same is true for Second Life, or if the two may be swapped as found appropriate by the person.

Week 1: The Nature of SL

Second Life is meant to be a virtual means for people to come together and, at the broadest level, interact. What exactly is the nature of that interaction? What is meant to be accomplished through digitally communicating with other people, with very few of them actually knowing who the others really are? From the sign-up page of Second Life, it becomes immediately evident that there is more than just "people talking to people about ideas." The first page of the sign-up process shows a carousel of characters (avatars) that the player may use to represent themselves in the world. The strange part comes in when it's realized that there are more than just humanoid avatars available.

Pick your poison: Choosing an avatar

From the screenshot, we can see a few random avatars selected from the categorical tabs along the top of the page. We see there are humanoids available, though many of them are still fantasy-related. Vampires, robots, and even evil bunny costumes make up the swatch. It's important to note that there are even vehicle avatars available! While these aren't the avatars you are stuck with (a player can customize their avatar later on), I feel it does speak a lot about the purpose of the game to have these sorts of avatars as the defaults. In fact, clicking the People tab still doesn't bring up any "Everyday Joe"-type avatars. There are rock stars, divas, bums, and suavely dressed people, but nothing that could easily blend into a crowd.

Inside the game, people are able to buy pieces of land and build multi-purpose structures. Much like the default avatars, they range from realistic yet exaggerated, to flat-out ridiculous. Related, large lots of land usually with specific purposes set out for them also exist, called regions. These buildings and purposed patches of land become the main pubs for people to meet and interact. Generally, the buildings don't seem to convey obvious purpose unless they are distribution centers for virtual goods (shops and service outlets). People in clubs, like people in regions, take on their own interested roles with no concern for the overarching action and conversation around them, each person having their own fanatic agenda to pursue. One of the first regions I visited was a train station, where people were busier dancing around the tracks than actually going anywhere or accomplishing anything.

From the nature of the default avatars and the ways in which people mingle, I can make an educated assumption that the overall nature of social interaction in this game, from the point of view of both the game's maintainers and the small sample of players I've observed, is more about role-playing than the spread of ideas and contemporary banter. This project is already beginning to show the vast difference between real and virtual social interaction, in Second Life at least.